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This Article Accepted manuscript (PDF) All Versions of this Article: JOE-08-0442v1 200/2/189    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Merlo, S. Articles by Sortino, M. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Merlo, S. Articles by Sortino, M. A.

S Merlo, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
G Frasca, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
P Canonico, DISCAFF, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
M Sortino, Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy

Correspondence: Maria Angela Sortino, Email: msortino{at}unict.it

Abstract

Estrogen affects proliferation and migration of different skin components, thus influencing wound healing processes. The human keratinocyte cell line NCTC 2544 has been used to examine the effects of estrogen, dissect its mechanism of action and characterize receptor subtypes involved. Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses confirmed the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and β, with a prevalence in the nuclear and extranuclear compartment, for ERand ERβ, respectively. Treatment with 10 nM 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) and the ER and ERβ selective agonists, 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole (PPT; 100 nM) and diarylpropionitril (DPN; 1 nM) produced a slight but significant increase in cell proliferation, as by MTT and BrdU incorporation assays, only after a long-term treatment (96 h). Analysis of cell migration by a scratch-wound assay showed that 17β-E2 (10 nM) accelerated migration between 5 and 24 hours after scratching, an effect confirmed by the transwell migration assay. PPT and DPN elicited similar effects. Pre-treatment with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, U0126 (1 µM), abolished the ability of 17β-E2 and DPN, but not of PPT, to accelerate wound closure. TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) produced a similar positive effect on wound closure and the TGF-β1-receptor antagonist, SB431542 (10µM), reduced the ability of 17β-E2 and PPT to accelerate cell migration, but did not modify DPN effect. It is suggested that estrogen positively affects in vitro wound healing by stimulating cell proliferation after long-term exposure but mainly by accelerating cell migration within a few hours from treatment. Selective activation of ERβ may result favorable in stimulating wound healing without any increase of TGF-β1 production.