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R Prisby, Faculté de Médecine, Saint Etienne, Cedex, France
J Swift, Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 77843, United States
S Bloomfield, Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 77843, United States
H Hogan, Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 77843, United States
M Delp, Dept Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, United States

Correspondence: Michael Delp, Email: mdelp{at}ufl.edu

Abstract

Osteopenia and enhanced risk fracture often accompany Type I diabetes. However, the association between Type 2 diabetes and bone mass has been ambiguous with reports of enhanced, reduced, or similar BMDs compared to healthy individuals. Recently, studies have also associated Type 2 diabetes with increased fracture risk even in the presence of higher BMDs. To determine the temporal relation between Type 2 diabetes and bone remodeling, structural and mechanical properties at various bone sites were analyzed during pre-diabetes (7 wks), short-term (13 wks), and long-term (20 wks) Type 2 diabetes. BMDs and bone strength were measured in the femora and tibiae of ZDF rats, a model of human Type 2 diabetes. Increased BMDs (9-10%) were observed in the distal femora, proximal tibiae, and tibial mid-shaft in the pre-diabetic condition, which corresponded with higher plasma insulin levels. During short- and long-term Type 2 diabetes various parameters of bone strength and BMDs were lower (9-26%) in the femoral neck, distal femora, proximal tibiae, and femoral and tibial mid-shafts. Correspondingly, blood glucose levels increased by 125% and 153% during short- and long-term diabetes, respectively. These data indicate that alterations in BMD and bone mechanical properties are closely associated with the onset of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, which may have direct adverse effects on skeletal tissue. Consequently, disparities in the human literature regarding the effects of Type 2 diabetes on skeletal properties may be associated with the bone sites studied and the severity or duration of the disease in the patient population studied.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Reinwald, R. G. Peterson, M. R. Allen, and D. B. Burr Skeletal changes associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes in the ZDF and ZDSD rodent models Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2009; 296(4): E765 - E774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]