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A De Lloyd, CEDS, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
J Bursell, Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
J Gregory, Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
D Rees, CEDS, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
M Ludgate, CEDS, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Marian Ludgate, Email: ludgate{at}cf.ac.uk

The impacts of hyper and hypothyroidism on body composition, i.e the relative quantity and quality of bone, adipose tissue and muscle, have traditionally been attributed uniquely to abnormal levels of free thyroid hormones. The presence of biologically active thyrotropin (TSH) receptors (TSHR) in bone, fat and muscle, raises the possibility that both thyroid hormones and TSH contribute to the changes in body composition associated with thyroid disease. This review evaluates the evidence for this in terms of the in vitro experimental approaches applied, data from in vivo sources (i.e. mouse models) and also patient-based studies.