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The human thyroid contained prostaglandin (PG) E₂, PGF₂ and 6-oxo-PGF₁, an end-metabolite of prostacyclin (PGI₂), the 6-oxo-PGF₁ content being the highest of these prostaglandins. Graves's thyroid contained a significantly higher amount of PGF₂ and lower amounts of PGE₂ and 6-oxo-PGF₁ than the normal thyroid. Thyrotrophin acutely augmented the thyroid contents of PGE₂, PGF₂ and 6-oxo-PGF₁. The TSH-stimulated increases in PGE₂ and 6-oxo-PGF₁ were lower but the TSH-stimulated increase in PGF₂ was significantly higher in Graves's thyroid than in the normal thyroid. Prostaglandin E₂ and PGI₂ stimulated human thyroid cyclic AMP synthesis, with the magnitudes of PGE₂-and PGI₂-stimulated increases in cyclic AMP being equal in normal and Graves's thyroid. Prostaglandin E₂ did not stimulate cyclic AMP synthesis significantly.

These results provide evidence that prostaglandins play important roles in thyroid physiology and the pathophysiology of Graves's disease.