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Testosterone metabolism was studied in vitro in the prostate of intact and castrated golden hamsters maintained either in short days (8 h light: 16 h darkness, 8L : 16D) or in long days (14L : 10D). Testosterone was found to be converted into 17β-hydroxy-5-androstan-3-one (5-DHT), 5-androstane-3, 17β-diol, 5-androstane-3, 17-dione and androstenedione. The mean conversion of testosterone to 5-DHT was higher in prostates from animals maintained in long days than in short days (P < 0·0025) while that to androstenedione was higher in short days (P <0·0005); no significant changes in the formation of the other three metabolites were noted. Castration of animals maintained in short days resulted in a significant (P <0·05) decrease in the mean conversion to all four metabolites. In contrast, castration of animals kept in a long-day regime caused a significant (P <0·01) decrease in the mean formation of 5-DHT but a significant (P <0·05) increase in the mean formation of 5-androstane-3, 17β-diol.