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College of Pharmacy and The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73190, U.S.A.

(Received 6 February 1978)

Diethylstilboestrol (DES) has been observed to stimulate the growth of oestrogen-sensitive tumours in premenopausal women and yet DES therapy has been reported to increase survival significantly in 30% of postmenopausal women with breast cancer (Kelley, 1971). It has been suggested that in premenopausal women, DES may be metabolically converted by the ovary to a closed-ring system which resembles a natural oestrogen and therefore possesses true oestrogenic activity (Hoge, Shaw, Bottomley & Hartsuck, 1975). However, in postmenopausal women, because the ovarian tissue is atrophied, DES would not be converted into a natural oestrogen and could act as an antioestrogen (Hoge et al. 1975). The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of endocrine ablation on the oestrogenic activity of DES in young mice. It