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The lipid composition of immature rat ovaries was examined after induction of ovulation with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin and human chorionic gonadotrophin and subsequent (7–8 days later) stimulation with 10 µg LH. Two hours after the administration of LH, there was a decrease of approximately 50% in the concentration of cholesteryl esters in the ovary. The percentages (by weight) of sterol esters containing stearate, linoleate, eicosatrienoate and arachidonate were reduced by LH treatment, whereas the percentage of the C_24:4 acid increased. No changes were observed in either the concentrations or fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides. These observations suggest that the metabolism of cholesteryl esters is acutely affected by LH and that sterol esters bearing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are preferentially mobilized. Liberation of these unsaturated fatty acyl moieties may have significant effects on metabolism in the ovarian cell.