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Sex differences in the lordosis response of adult rats to ovarian hormones were studied in a series of experiments. Male rats were less sensitive to oestradiol benzoate (OB, a single injection of 10, 100 or 1000 µg/kg or seven daily injections of 2, 10 or 50 µg/kg) than were female rats. Oestradiol benzoate-primed (10 µg/kg) female, but not male, rats showed dose-dependent responses to progesterone (0·4, 2·0 or 10·0 mg/kg). Male rats responded clearly to progesterone (2 mg/rat) only when primed with a high dose of OB (100 µg/rat). Display of the whole pattern of female sexual behaviour was induced in male rats by treatment with 100 µg OB and 2 mg progesterone. Female rats treated with 1 mg testosterone propionate (TP) on day 4 of life, ovariectomized as adults and tested under the same endocrine conditions as the rats described above, retained behavioural OB sensitivity but responded poorly to progesterone. Evidence is presented that ovarian secretions during development significantly modify the response of neonatally TP-treated and normal female rats to OB in adulthood.

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