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The posterior pituitary lobe of male rats under urethane anaesthesia was incubated in situ. The pituitary gland was exposed by the transpharyngeal approach. The posterior lobe remained in neural and partial vascular connexion with the hypothalamus, whereas the anterior lobe was entirely removed. Incubation fluid was collected and its melanophore-stimulating activity was assayed in hypophysectomized frogs. No effect was observed after the i.v. injection of 1 ml 120 µm-NaCl with 60 µm-CaCl₂ or isotonic NaCl solution.

Hypertonic solutions of 5% NaCl and 25% glucose injected intravenously to the limit of 0·5% of the body weight, transiently enhanced the release of MSH from the posterior pituitary lobe by 66% (significant) and 15% (not significant) respectively. Intracarotid injection of 0·3 ml 5% NaCl solution resulted in the highest increase (95%) of MSH release.