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It is well known that the action of oestrogens in producing cornification of the vagina can be prevented by the simultaneous administration of suitable quantities of certain steroids, e.g. progesterone, deoxycortone and testosterone. The mechanism of this antagonism has not been elucidated, but it seemed possible that both the oestrogen and its antagonist act directly on the cells of the vagina, and that the effect produced depends on the relative concentrations of the two substances present in or around these cells. If this were the case, then the amount of antagonistic substance needed to inhibit the action of a given dose of an oestrogen should be considerably smaller if applied directly to the vagina than if administered systemically. The present experiments were undertaken to test this possibility.

GENERAL METHODS: The experiments were performed on ovariectomized mice. The oestrogen used was oestradiol, administered subcutaneously in oily solution in four doses on