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The involution of the gonads, which many workers have shown may result from treatment with oestrogens or androgens, is usually regarded as an indirect result of the suppression of the gonadotrophic activity of the pituitary and not as a direct effect. This view, which was first put forward by Moore & Price [1932], is primarily based on the observation that involution does not occur when gonadotrophin is administered simultaneously with gonadal hormones, the presumption being that the latter, while able to suppress the secretory cells of the pituitary, cannot neutralize gonadotrophin in the body fluids [Bottomley & Folley, 1938].

In some circumstances, however, androgen has the reverse effect and appears to stimulate the development of the germ cells. Ruzicka & Tschopp [1934], for example, observed that androgen will stimulate inactive testicular fragments left after castration in cockerels. Androgen is also reported to induce earlier maturation of sperms in seasonal breeders