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The concentration of oestrone (E₁) and oestradiol (E₂) in plasma was measured by a radioimmunological method. In five premenopausal women, ovariectomy provoked a significant fall in the concentrations of E₁ and E₂. In 11 subjects of both sexes with cancer, dexamethasone (20 µg/kg/day) caused a significant fall in the levels of cortisol (84 ± 9·5%) and E₁ (55 ± 16%), but not in E₂ (2 ± 18%). Ninety minutes after administration of tetracosactrin, the increase in concentration of cortisol (80 ± 30%) and of E₁ (70 ± 49%) was highly significant: that of E₂ (5 ± 12%) was not. Similar results were observed in four subjects during infusion of corticotrophin. In six subjects, plasma concentration of E₁, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone was higher in the adrenal vein than in a peripheral vein, but the concentration of E₂ and of testosterone was similar in the two samples. In two men, the concentration of androgens and oestrogens was measured in plasma from a peripheral vein and in plasma of mixed origin from the renal and the spermatic vein. The level of E₂ was higher in plasma from the renal—spermatic mixture than in that from the peripheral vein, but the concentration of E₁ was similar. All these results suggest that: (1) the adrenal secretes only 17-oxo androgens and oestrogens whereas in the testicular secretion, 17β-hydroxylated compounds predominate; (2) in men, nearly all of the E₂ is secreted directly or indirectly by the testes, but the main source of E₁ is the adrenal; (3) in postmenopausal women, most of the E₁ also derives from the adrenal gland.

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