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Serotonin levels in plasma have been found to differ significantly between inbred strains of mice. For example, the level in the C57BL/6By strain is more than twice that in BALB/cBy (Table 1). It was to determine the genetic basis of this difference that we have turned to a new genetic device, the recombinant inbred (RI) strains.

RI strains are derived from the cross of two unrelated, but highly inbred progenitor strains, and then maintained independently, from the F₂ generation onwards, under a regimen of strict inbreeding. The procedure genetically fixes the chance recombination of genes in generations following the F₁ generation, although in ever decreasing amounts as full homozygosity is approached. The resulting battery of strains can be looked upon, in one sense, as a replicable recombinant population. The utility of such strains for analysing gene systems is described elsewhere (Bailey, 1971). Here we report the application of