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The usual effect of oestrogens is to depress the secretory activity of the mammary gland, but at very low doses they may give increased yields of milk, or reduce the rate of decline of yield in mid-lactation (e.g. Hutton, 1958). In previous experiments, oestrogens have been administered orally or by injection but food intake has not been closely controlled; changes in milk secretion might therefore have been caused partly by the depressing (Forbes, 1972) or stimulating (Hafs, Purchas & Pearson, 1971) effects of these hormones on food intake.

Following preliminary experiments (Forbes & Rook, 1970), five adult lactating goats were fed at constant, restricted levels of hay and concentrates in experiments where various levels of oestrogen treatment were given, the milk yield being allowed to return to control levels between each treatment. 17β-Oestradiol was administered either (a) by continuous infusion into the jugular vein at rates varying from 12 to