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The increase in plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid (11-OHCS) levels following surgery has been well documented (Mattingly & Tyler, 1965; Plumpton, Besser & Cole, 1969) but it was noted that these accounts made no mention of the state of fluid balance of the subjects. As this may vary considerably in surgical patients, the effect of an intravenous infusion on the degree of change of plasma 11-OHCS levels associated with cholecystectomy was studied in 34 otherwise healthy subjects. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. Patients were allocated at random to one of three groups. Group 1 (n = 9) received no infusion, group 2 (n = 13) an infusion during and after operation, and group 3 (n = 12) an infusion before, during and after operation. The pre-operative infusion consisted of 2l physiological saline given over 12 h. Over the operative period, 1l of compound sodium lactate solution was given in 1·5–2 h, followed by