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A decrease in ovarian weight and function after the removal of the thyroid gland or blockade of thyroid hormone synthesis by feeding antithyroid drugs has been well documented for the rat (Leathem, 1958; Evans, Rosenberg, Evans & Koneff, 1964; Hagino, 1971). The evidence suggests that experimental hypothyroidism results in a disturbance in gonadotrophin production and release, or a disturbance in the response of the ovary to gonadotrophins, or both. In this report the effect of hypothyroidism on pituitary—ovary relationship was studied using the phenomenon of compensatory ovarian hypertrophy after unilateral ovariectomy in the rat.

Sixty-day-old female rats (Sprague—Dawley) were used in two separate experiments. The design of the experiments was 2 x 2 factorial, comparing hypothyroidism and unilateral ovariectomy. Hypothyroidism was induced by either surgical thyroparathyroidectomy or by feeding 0·03% propylthiouracil (PTU) in the diet. In the first experiment thyroidectomy and unilateral ovariectomy were performed on the same day and the rats