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It has been suggested that the oestrogen secreted during pro-oestrus plays a role in sensitizing the uterus for implantation of the blastocyst in the mouse. This suggestion was based on indirect evidence using as end points the deciduoma reaction (Finn, 1966) and mitotic activity of the uterus (Finn & Martin, 1970). In contrast, Humphrey (1969), also working with the mouse, furnished direct evidence showing that priming with oestrogen was not necessary for implantation. Finn & Martin (1970) argued that Humphrey was able to obtain implantation because the nidatory oestrogen surge was preceded by 4 days of progesterone treatment, and, had the progesterone treatment been shorter, oestrogen priming would have been necessary for implantation. The aim of the present study was to determine the progesterone priming required, before the nidatory oestrogen surge, for implantation and embryonic development in the rat.

Adult virgin female rats of the Holtzman strain, weighing 180–220 g,