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A significant increase in oestradiol-17β (E₂) secretion occurs on Day 3–4 of the oestrous cycle, i.e. 2–3 days after ovulation, in the ewe (Cox, Mattner & Thorburn, 1971; Mattner & Braden, 1972). The present data relate E₂ production at that time to the ovarian morphology.

Timed collections of ovarian vein blood (Mattner & Thorburn, 1969) were obtained at laparotomy from four control (C) and four progesterone-synchronized (P) 4-yr-old Border Leicester x Merino ewes at 40, 48, 56 or 64 h after ovulation (32 ewes). Ovulation was accurately timed by endoscopy (Holst & Braden, 1972): each ewe ovulated only one egg. Plasma E₂ was assayed by a competitive protein-binding method (Cox et al. 1971; Shutt & Cox, 1972). After the collection of blood, the ovaries were excised and their gross appearance noted. The ovaries from 16 ewes were serially sectioned at 15 µm and stained with haematoxylin and