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Lesions in the posteroventral grey matter of the mid-brain reduced the ability of rats to excrete single oral saline loads and to adapt at normal speed to salt loading. Rats with these lesions had normal adrenal and thyroid function but stores of growth hormone in the adenohypophysis were reduced. Typical behavioural changes were induced: these included hyperactivity, almost frenzied blind running when disturbed which converted to perimeter running when obstructed by any object; hyperphagia and obesity. Effects on ability to handle salt loads are attributed to section of fibres ascending to the diencephalic centre in the posterior nuclei of the hypothalamus which influences salt balance.