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Studies relating the pattern of gonadotrophin excretion to the development of sexual maturity in the human female are few in number and contradictory. Some investigators have been unable to detect by bioassay any gonadotrophic activity in the urine of boys and girls (Albert, 1956; Wilkins, 1965). Others (Brown, 1958; Kulin, Rifkind, Ross & O'Dell, 1967) have found measurable gonadotrophic activity in the urine of prepubertal children; this was present for at least 1 yr (Catchpole & Greulich, 1943) and even up to 2 yr (Johnsen, 1959) before the menarche. These gonadotrophin levels were usually lower than the average concentrations in the adult. Little or no information is available as to the time of onset of rhythmical secretion of pituitary gonadotrophins in man. It is the purpose of this communication to describe the cyclical pattern of excretion of total gonadotrophic activity in a 12-yr-old girl during the 3 months before the