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Boiled urinary extracts inhibit the activity of 0·4 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in the mouse uterus assay (Hipkin, 1967) and a pineal source for this urinary gonadotrophin inhibitor has been suggested (Soffer, Fogel & Rudavsky, 1965). In intact rats, boiled urinary extracts augment the activity of small doses of HCG but this effect disappears when the animals are hypophysectomized (Hipkin 1970). Two pineal substances, melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol, inhibit gonadal function (Mclsaac, Taborsky & Farrell, 1964). These materials have therefore been tested for their effects on HCG activity to determine whether they have the same properties as the urinary factor.

Animals were obtained from colonies bred at the Statens Seruminstitut. The doses of HCG and the experimental procedures were the same as those used previously (Hipkin, 1967, 1970), but instead of boiled urinary material, daily s.c. injections (0·2 ml each) of 5-methoxytryptophol or melatonin (20 µg to mice, 200 µg to rats)