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Incidence and patterns of mitoses and histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase (APase) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were studied from days 5 to 20 in pseudopregnant mice in which deciduomata had been induced in the left uterine horns by intrauterine injection of oil on day 4, the right horns serving as controls.

In stromal cells, mitoses were very numerous throughout the endometrium of the left (but not the right) horn on days 5 and 6, in the basal, non-decidualized stroma until day 8 or day 9, and were not seen in stromal cells of either horn thereafter. In glandular epithelium, mitoses were absent from days 5 to 10, and numerous from day 11 or 12 until at least day 17 in both horns. Mitoses were present in capillaries within developing deciduomata on days 5 and 6, then seldom seen until day 12 and during the next 3 days were numerous in endothelial and pericapillary cells in the mesometrial quadrant of the left horn and around glands in both horns.

The deciduoma cells reacted strongly with AP and ATP substrates from days 5 to 10, after which the intensity of the reaction weakened and had usually disappeared by day 13. ATPase activity disappeared from vascular endothelium within the deciduoma a few hours after APase had appeared within the deciduoma cells on day 5. It reappeared in the vessel walls on day 9 and thereafter was usually present until the deciduoma was shed. In the basal, non-decidualized stroma, APase was absent until about day 10, then appeared in the stroma cells nearest to the myometrium, extending gradually into the densely packed cells nearest to the regressing deciduoma. The possible role of this enzyme in reparative growth of the endometrium after regression of the deciduoma is discussed.

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