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Changes in the rate of progesterone and 20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20-OH-P) secretion by the rat ovary during the course of lactation were investigated. The level of progesterone in the ovarian vein blood, which was very low on day 1 of lactation, increased progressively up to day 8 (355 µg./100 ml. blood), then declined to day 18 (45·5 µg./100 ml.) and day 21 of lactation. A high concentration of 20-OH-P in blood was observed on day 1 and day 21 of lactation, but from day 4 to day 18 the secretion of this steroid was relatively low. The ratio of progesterone to 20-OH-P exceeded unity from day 4 to day 16, and in the middle of lactation the concentration of progesterone in ovarian venous blood was about four times greater than that of 20-OH-P. These changes in the secretory pattern of progestins during lactation are discussed in connexion with the effects of the suckling stimulus on prolactin and gonadotrophin secretion from the anterior pituitary gland.

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