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It has been well documented that gonadectomy and/or oestradiol treatment of adult male rats causes a decrease in the level of serum cholesterol (Aftergood & Alfin-Slater, 1965; Steinberg, Tolksdorf & Gordon, 1967; Fewster, Pirrie, & Turner, 1967). The hypocholesterolaemia resulting from gonadectomy is thought to be due to a lack of androgen, since administration of testosterone to castrated males raises the serum cholesterol level (Aftergood & Alfin-Slater, 1965). The hypocholesterolaemic response to oestrogen is apparently mediated by the pituitary as there was no decrease in the serum cholesterol of hypophysectomized male rats given oestrogen (Steinberg et al. 1967). Recently it has been demonstrated that dosages of oestradiol that were effective in eliciting hypocholesterolaemia in adult male rats did not cause this effect in weanling (22-day-old) males (Steinberg et al. 1967).

It is well known that oestrogen treatment of neonatal male rats and mice results in a functional gonadectomy and a