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Rats were fed on a low protein (LP) and a glucose—filter paper (GFP) diet; they were then infected with 1000 larvae of the nematode worm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Travassos, 1914) and killed 5 or 10 days later.

The adrenals of male and female rats on the GFP diet for 21 days showed atrophy and so did those of female rats on the LP diet for 42 or 56 days. The adrenals of male rats on the LP diet for 21 days were hypertrophic.

Referred to body weight, the adrenal weights of male rats on both diets were higher than those of the controls, the weights of the adrenals of female rats on the deficient diets were lower.

Adrenal weight and adrenal weight as a percentage of body weight were shown to bear no relationship to corticosteroid production in vitro, since the capacity for corticosteroid synthesis in vitro was increased in rats on the GFP diet only.

Significantly more parasites were found in the intestine after 5, but not after 10 days on both deficient diets suggesting that the deficient diets increased the susceptibility of the rats on initial contact with the parasite and before the development of acquired resistance. Later more parasites were lost by the rats on the deficient diets than from controls. These findings were not related to changes in the rate of corticosteroid synthesis.

The effects of stress, and the administration of cortisone or corticotrophin on host—parasite relationships is discussed in relation to the results of the present experiments. It is concluded that though these factors can increase susceptibility and lower acquired resistance, the effect on susceptibility can also be produced independently by severe dietary deficiency.