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It was found in previous experiments on rats that thyroidectomy or blocking of thyroid function by a goitrogen inhibits compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining adrenal after unilateral adrenalectomy (Schreiber & Kmentová, 1959) as well as compensatory ovarian hypertrophy after unilateral ovariectomy (Schreiber, Kmentová & Zavadil, 1964). These results, together with others (Schreiber & Kmentová, 1965), reporting maximal adenohypophysial growth after thyroidectomy (compared with the effects of castration and adrenalectomy) and maximal activation of adenohypophysial enzymes after thyroidectomy (Lojda & Schreiber, 1964) led to the hypothesis (Schreiber, 1964) that under conditions of competition (simultaneous deficiency of several 'peripheral' hormones) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) hypersecretion is maintained even at the expense of the secretion of gonadotrophins and corticotrophin. However, it is clear that the secretion of two or more adenohypophysial hormones can be increased at the same time. This occurs after surgical removal of half of several peripheral endocrine glands (Shellabarger, 1963). A