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Short-chain fatty acids, with the exception of acetate, are potent stimulators of insulin release in ruminants (Manns & Boda, 1967; Horino, Machlin, Hertelendy & Kipnis, 1966, 1968). The rapid response to the i.v. administration of physiological doses of fatty acids, which was not accompanied by appreciable elevation of plasma glucose levels, suggested a direct stimulant effect of these compounds on the ovine pancreas. Accordingly, pieces of sheep pancreas were incubated with propionate and butyrate with and without glucose in the medium. In addition, arginine, a known stimulant of insulin secretion in man (Floyd, Fajans, Conn, Knopf & Rull, 1966), and adrenaline, a potent inhibitor of insulin release in a variety of species were also investigated.

In each of nine experiments the pancreas was obtained immediately after slaughter from a young adult male sheep which had been fasted overnight (18 hr.). The gland was cut into small pieces (50–100 mg.), washed