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The ability of the uterus of the guinea-pig to exert a luteolytic influence on the ovaries has been demonstrated by several groups of workers using different techniques. These experiments suggest the existence of a uterine luteolytic substance but information concerning its nature and mode of action is lacking.

The insertion of glass beads (7 x 3 mm.) into both uterine horns of the guinea-pig during the early part of the oestrous cycle reduces the length of the current cycle by causing premature regression of the corpora lutea (Bland & Donovan, 1965, 1966). The present investigation was undertaken to ascertain whether the effect of the uterus is exerted on the corpora lutea alone or whether follicular development is simultaneously influenced. To this end the size of the corpora lutea (for details of technique see Bland & Donovan, 1966) in both ovaries and the mean diameters of the 40 largest follicles in one ovary