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Rats deprived of drinking water for 7 days showed a striking depletion of neurohypophysial hormones from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The average daily depletion rate was estimated to be 93 m-u. for vasopressin and 97 m-u. for oxytocin. When rats were allowed free access to water, dehydration was rapidly corrected as shown by normal haematocrit values and plasma osmolarities. Repletion of neurohypophysial hormones, rapid in the first 24 hr., continued gradually thereafter. The mean calculated repletion rate was 41 m-u./day for vasopressin and 42 m-u./day for oxytocin. Repletion was completed about 14 days after rehydration.