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The ketonic and non-ketonic neutral steroids in the urine of normal lactating cows and cows suffering from either primary spontaneous ketosis or an experimentally induced ketosis were studied by gas-chromatographic methods. The chromatographic patterns on QF-1 and SE-30 were similar in all cases. Neither were any significant quantitative differences observed. The 14 steroid metabolites identified in the urine of the normal lactating and ketotic cows had all been found previously in the urine of pregnant cows. However, the combined concentrations in the urine of androsterone, aetiocholanolone and epiandrosterone in both normal (20–130 µg./l.; mean 43±21·8 µg./l.) and ketotic cows (52–84 µg./l.; mean 66 ± 6·1 µg./l.) were lower than the previously reported levels for cows in late pregnancy (600 µg./l.).

The results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that bovine ketosis is associated with an impaired pituitary function.