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Journal of Endocrinology (2008) 198, 261-269    DOI: 10.1677/JOE-08-0170
© 2008 Society for Endocrinology

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REVIEW

Back to the future: a new look at ‘old’ vitamin D

Rene F Chun1, John S Adams1,2 and Martin Hewison1,2

1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 615 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA2 Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA

(Correspondence should be addressed to M Hewison; Email: mhewison{at}mednet.ucla.edu)

Our perception of the vitamin D system continues to evolve. Recent studies have re-evaluated the parameters for adequate vitamin D status in humans, revealing a high prevalence of insufficiency in many populations throughout the world. Other reports have highlighted the potential consequences of vitamin D insufficiency beyond established effects on bone homeostasis. Most notably, there is now strong evidence of a role for vitamin D in modulating innate and adaptive immunities, with insufficiency being linked to infectious disease and other immune disorders. To date, signaling pathways for these new responses to vitamin D have been based on established endocrine models for active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, despite present evidence for more localized, intracrine modes of action. In the following review, we provide a fresh perspective on vitamin D signaling in non-classical target cells such as macrophages by highlighting novel factors associated with the transport and action of this pluripotent secosteroid.







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