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Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Robert-Koch-Street 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany¹ Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany² Department of Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Center of Anatomy, D-30625 Hannover, Germany³ Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35033 Marburg, Germany

(Correspondence should be addressed to H Kulaksiz; Email: hasan.kulaksiz{at}uniklinik-ulm.de)

Body iron is involved in various vital functions. Its uptake in the intestine is regulated by hepcidin, a bioactive peptide originally identified in plasma and urine and subsequently in the liver. In the present study, we provide evidence at the transcriptional and translational levels that hepcidin is also expressed in the pancreas of rat and man. Immunohistochemical studies localized the peptide exclusively to β-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Immunoelectron microscopical analyses revealed that hepcidin is confined to the insulin-storing β-cell secretory granules. As demonstrated in insulinoma-derived RINm5F cells, the expression of hepcidin in β-cells is regulated by iron. Based on the present findings we conclude that pancreatic islets are an additional source of the peptide hepcidin. The localization of this peptide to β-cells suggests that pancreatic β-cells may be involved in iron metabolism in addition to their genuine function in blood glucose regulation. In view of the various linked iron/glucose disorders in the pancreas, the present findings may provide an insight into the phenomenology of intriguing mutual relationships between iron and glucose metabolisms.