| HOME | HELP | CONTACT US | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Articles |
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is activated during many bacterial and viral infections, resulting in an increase in circulating glucocorticoid levels. This HPA axis activation and glucocorticoid response are critical for the survival of the host, as demonstrated by the fact that removal of the HPA axis (by adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy) or glucocorticoid receptor (GR) blockade enhances the severity of the infection and in some cases enhances the mortality rate. Replacement with a synthetic glucocorticoid reverses these effects by reducing the severity of the infection and provides protection against lethal effects. In addition, some bacteria and viral infections have been shown to affect the GR directly. These have been described and the implications of such an effect discussed.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. Karemaker, A. Kavelaars, M. ter Wolbeek, M. Tersteeg-Kamperman, W. Baerts, S. Veen, J. F. Samsom, G. H. A. Visser, F. van Bel, and C. J. Heijnen Neonatal Dexamethasone Treatment for Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity Alters the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Immune System Activity at School Age Pediatrics, April 1, 2008; 121(4): e870 - e878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. T. Bailey, H. Engler, N. D. Powell, D. A. Padgett, and J. F. Sheridan Repeated social defeat increases the bactericidal activity of splenic macrophages through a Toll-like receptor-dependent pathway Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): R1180 - R1190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. S. Tait, M. Dalton, B. Geny, F. D'Agnillo, M. R. Popoff, and E. M. Sternberg The Large Clostridial Toxins from Clostridium sordellii and C. difficile Repress Glucocorticoid Receptor Activity Infect. Immun., August 1, 2007; 75(8): 3935 - 3940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. H. Straub The Complex Role of Estrogens in Inflammation Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2007; 28(5): 521 - 574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Smith, N. W. Wilson, A. Louw, and K. H. Myburgh Illuminating the interrelated immune and endocrine adaptations after multiple exposures to short immobilization stress by in vivo blocking of IL-6 Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2007; 292(4): R1439 - R1447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. S. D. Weber, S. A. Madsen-Bouterse, G. J. M. Rosa, S. Sipkovsky, X. Ren, P. E. Almeida, R. Kruska, R. G. Halgren, J. L. Barrick, and J. L. Burton Analysis of the bovine neutrophil transcriptome during glucocorticoid treatment Physiol Genomics, December 13, 2006; 28(1): 97 - 112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Campos-Rodriguez, A. Quintanar-Stephano, R. A. Jarillo-Luna, G. Oliver-Aguillon, J. Ventura-Juarez, V. Rivera-Aguilar, I. Berczi, and K. Kovacs Hypophysectomy and Neurointermediate Pituitary Lobectomy Reduce Serum Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG and Intestinal IgA Responses to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Rats Infect. Immun., March 1, 2006; 74(3): 1883 - 1889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. P Miech Pathophysiology of Mifepristone-Induced Septic Shock Due to Clostridium sordellii Ann. Pharmacother., September 1, 2005; 39(9): 1483 - 1488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Moayeri, J. I. Webster, J. F. Wiggins, S. H. Leppla, and E. M. Sternberg Endocrine Perturbation Increases Susceptibility of Mice to Anthrax Lethal Toxin Infect. Immun., July 1, 2005; 73(7): 4238 - 4244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. R. Bornstein, P. Zacharowski, R. R. Schumann, A. Barthel, N. Tran, C. Papewalis, V. Rettori, S. M. McCann, K. Schulze-Osthoff, W. A. Scherbaum, et al. Impaired adrenal stress response in Toll-like receptor 2-deficient mice PNAS, November 23, 2004; 101(47): 16695 - 16700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | CONTACT US | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
