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Hyperthyroidism is associated with elevated plasma levels of endothelium-derived proteins such as von Willebrand factor (vWF), fibronectin (FN) and endothelin-1 (ET-1). This study was designed to characterize the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon at the cellular level. vWF, FN and ET-1 secretion and mRNA expression were measured in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to tri-iodothyronine (T₃) for 13 ± 1 days, using ELISA, Western blot, RIA and Northern blot analysis respectively. Exposure of HUVECs to T₃ significantly increased vWF secretion (50 ng T₃/ml: 117 ± 5%, P<0·01; 100 ng T₃/ml: 127 ± 26%, P<0·01) as well as vWF mRNA expression (50 ng/ml: 116 ± 13%, P<0·001; 100 ng/ml: 136 ± 30%, P<0·002) (results are means ± S.D. analysed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test). FN secretion was significantly affected by 50 (145 ± 42% of control, P<0·05) and 100 (116·8 ± 16% of control, P<0·05) ng T₃/ml, and FN mRNA expression by 50 ng T₃/ml (123 ± 20%, P<0·05). Long-term incubation with T₃ increased both ET-1 secretion (25 ng/ml: 124 ± 25%, P<0·001; 50 ng/ml: 165 ± 53%, P<0·05; 100 ng/ml: 116 ± 17%, P<0·05) and prepro-ET-1 mRNA expression (25 ng/ml: 112 ± 16%, P<0·05; 50 ng/ml: 134 ± 43%, P<0·02; 100 ng/ml: 120 ± 20%, P<0·02). Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms and βII were not significantly affected by T₃, whereas PKC was increased in whole cell lysates and in membrane fractions of cells incubated with 100 but not 50 ng T₃/ml. Prepro-ET-1 mRNA stability, cell numbers and proliferation, measured by [³H]thymidine assays, remained unaffected in HUVECs after exposure to T₃. These data indicate thyroid hormone-induced upregulation of mRNA expression and protein synthesis of vWF, FN and ET-1, by PKC -, βII- and -independent pathways, explaining, at least in part, increased plasma concentrations of endothelial proteins and peptides in the hyperthyroid state.

Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 154, 231–239

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