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Thyroid hormone (T₃) induces in vitro differentiation of astrocytes from the developing rat brain. T₃ treatment induced the appearance of long processes in cultured cerebral hemisphere and mesencephalon astrocytes from embryonic and newborn rats. T₃ treatment also produced a change in the morphology of cultured cerebellar astrocytes from 10-day-old rats, but not in cerebellar astrocytes from newborn rats. An increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was also seen in the T₃-treated newborn cerebral hemisphere and mesencephalic astrocytes. The morphological changes were induced earlier when the astrocytes were treated with conditioned medium (CM) obtained from cultures previously exposed to T₃. Our results show that astrocytes from the developing rat brain are not homogenous in their responsiveness to T₃. Furthermore, the fact that CM produces a response similar to that obtained with T₃ treatment but in less time, suggests that T₃ might induce the secretion of factors by cultured astrocytes. These factors might, by an autocrine/paracrine effect, induce the expression of GFAP and differentiation in developing brain astrocytes.

Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 154, 167–175

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