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Growth hormone (GH) exerts direct differentiative and proliferative effects on osteoblasts. We studied ¹²⁵I-labeled human (h) GH binding to primary mouse osteoblasts derived from collagenase-treated 18-day fetal mouse calvaria. Scatchard analysis of the data revealed a single class of high affinity GH receptors (apparent K_a= 5·74 x 10⁹ M^–1) with 2200 sites per cell. Affinity cross-linking and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed two bands with apparent molecular masses of 120 and 70 kDa. Mouse osteoblasts express GH receptor mRNA with gene transcripts of 4·2 and 1·2 kb, at levels which reach approximately 1/6 of those in mouse liver and 1/3 of those in mouse muscle. Two populations of undifferentiated and diffentiated osteoblasts, obtained by sequential collagenase digestion of mouse calvaria, were used to study the relationship between osteoblastic phenotype and GH receptor expression. Although the affinity of the receptors in undifferentiated and differentiated cells was the same, the capacity was significantly higher (1·45 ± 1·0% vs 2·39 ± 0·9%, P=0·03) in differentiated cells. This stresses the specific importance of the osteoblast as a target cell for GH. The differentiating potential of the vitamin A derivative retinoic acid was subsequently used experimentally to induce differentiation in the cells. Retinoic acid increased ¹²⁵I-hGH binding to preosteoblasts (153%, P=0·02). Together, these data demonstrate the presence of a high affinity GH receptor in mouse osteoblasts which is related to differentiation.

Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 150, 465–472

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