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The effects of insulin-like growth factors -I and -II (IGF-I and -II) on the growth of undifferentiated (fibroblast zone) cells from the growing tip of red deer velvet antlers and from cells 1·5 cm distal to the growing tip (cartilage zone) were investigated in primary cell culture. The addition of IGF-I or IGF-II to the medium of cultures preincubated in serum-free medium for 24 h increased the rate of [³H]thymidine uptake in a dose-dependent manner in both cell types, with maximal stimulation occurring when 1 nM–30 nM was added. The addition of IGF-II to the incubation medium containing IGF-I did not cause a further increase in [³H]thymidine uptake in either cell type over and above each growth factor alone, indicating that there were unlikely to be synergistic effects of IGF-II on the mitogenicity of IGF-I. Binding studies were carried out using 3 x 10⁵ fibroblast zone cells and cartilage zone cells after they had been incubated in serum-free medium for 24 h. ¹²⁵I-Labelled IGF-I (10^–9 M) in a final volume of 200 µl was added to each culture and incubation carried out at 4 °C for a further hour. ¹²⁵I-Labelled IGF-I bound specifically to both fibroblasts and cartilage zone cells; binding was displaced by both unlabelled IGF-I and by IGF-I antibody. These findings indicate that IGF-I and IGF-II are important mediators for antler growth in vitro and suggest that in view of correlations between IGF-I and antler growth, IGF is functionally significant in controlling velvet antler growth in vivo.

Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 143, 461–469