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Ablation of the posterior lobe of the pituitary in the lactating rat abolished the milk-ejection reflex so that the pups could only be reared if injections of oxytocin were given to the mothers twice daily. When, however, these posterior lobectomized rats became pregnant a second time, parturition was normal and the milk-ejection reflex was sufficiently restored for the rats to rear their litters without oxytocin being administered. The animals, however, continued to exhibit diabetes insipidus. Measurements of residual neurohypophysial tissue showed that hypertrophy of the neural stalk had occurred after posterior lobectomy.

These findings are discussed in relation to recent studies on the site of formation and the liberation of posterior-pituitary hormone(s) after hypophysectomy.

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